Table of Contents
1. Methodology and Scope
1.1. Methodology
1.1.1. Initial data exploration
1.1.2. Statistical model and forecast
1.1.3. Industry insights and validation
1.1.4. Definitions forecast parameters
1.2. Data sources
1.2.1. Secondary
1.2.2. Primary
2 Market Overview
2.1 Smart Home Products Introduction
2.2 Market Analysis by Type
2.2.1 Hardware Devices
2.2.2 Software System
2.3 Market Analysis by Applications
2.3.1 Entertainment
2.3.2 Health
2.3.3 Security
2.4 Market Analysis by Regions
2.4.1 North America (United States, Canada and Mexico)
2.4.1.1 United States Market States and Outlook (2013-2026)
2.4.1.2 Canada Market States and Outlook (2013-2026)
2.4.1.3 Mexico Market States and Outlook (2013-2026)
2.4.2 Europe (Germany, France, UK, Russia and Italy)
2.4.2.1 Germany Market States and Outlook (2013-2026)
2.4.2.2 France Market States and Outlook (2013-2026)
2.4.2.3 UK Market States and Outlook (2013-2026)
2.4.2.4 Russia Market States and Outlook (2013-2026)
2.4.2.5 Italy Market States and Outlook (2013-2026)
2.4.3 Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, Korea, India and Southeast Asia)
2.4.3.1 China Market States and Outlook (2013-2026)
2.4.3.2 Japan Market States and Outlook (2013-2026)
2.4.3.3 Korea Market States and Outlook (2013-2026)
2.4.3.4 India Market States and Outlook (2013-2026)
2.4.3.5 Southeast Asia Market States and Outlook (2013-2026)
2.4.4 South America, Middle East and Africa
2.4.4.1 Brazil Market States and Outlook (2013-2026)
2.4.4.2 Egypt Market States and Outlook (2013-2026)
2.4.4.3 Saudi Arabia Market States and Outlook (2013-2026)
2.4.4.4 South Africa Market States and Outlook (2013-2026)
2.4.4.5 Nigeria Market States and Outlook (2013-2026)
2.5 Market Dynamics
2.5.1 Market Opportunities
2.5.2 Market Risk
2.5.3 Market Driving Force
2.6 Market Competition News and Trend
2.6.1 Merger, Consolidation or Acquisition News
2.6.2 Investment or Disinvestment News
2.6.3 New Product Development and Launch
3 Global Smart Home Products Market Competition, by Manufacturer
3.1 Global Smart Home Products Sales and Market Share by Manufacturer (2016-2018)
3.2 Global Smart Home Products Revenue and Market Share by Manufacturer (2016-2018)
3.3 Global Smart Home Products Price by Manufacturer (2016-2018)
3.4 Market Concentration Rate
3.4.1 Top 3 Smart Home Products Manufacturer Market Share in 2018
3.4.2 Top 5 Smart Home Products Manufacturer Market Share in 2018
3.5 Market Competition Trend
4 Manufacturers Profiles
4.1 Honeywell International
4.1.1 Business Overview
4.1.1.1 Honeywell International Description
4.1.1.2 Honeywell International Headquarter, Main Business and Finance Overview
4.1.2 Honeywell International Product Name Product Introduction
4.1.2.1 Smart Home Products Production Bases, Sales Regions and Major Competitors
4.1.2.2 Honeywell International Product Name Product Introduction
4.1.3 Honeywell International Product Name Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2016-2018)
4.1.3.1 Honeywell International Product Name Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2016-2018)
4.1.3.2 Global Honeywell International Product Name Market Share in 2018
4.2 Siemens
4.2.1 Business Overview
4.2.1.1 Siemens Description
4.2.1.2 Siemens Headquarter, Main Business and Finance Overview
4.2.2 Siemens Product Name Product Introduction
4.2.2.1 Smart Home Products Production Bases, Sales Regions and Major Competitors
4.2.2.2 Siemens Product Name Product Introduction
4.2.3 Siemens Product Name Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2016-2018)
4.2.3.1 Siemens Product Name Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2016-2018)
4.2.3.2 Global Siemens Product Name Market Share in 2018
4.3 Johnson Controls International
4.3.1 Business Overview
4.3.1.1 Johnson Controls International Description
4.3.1.2 Johnson Controls International Headquarter, Main Business and Finance Overview
4.3.2 Johnson Controls International Product Name Product Introduction
4.3.2.1 Smart Home Products Production Bases, Sales Regions and Major Competitors
4.3.2.2 Johnson Controls International Product Name Product Introduction
4.3.3 Johnson Controls International Product Name Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2016-2018)
4.3.3.1 Johnson Controls International Product Name Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2016-2018)
4.3.3.2 Global Johnson Controls International Product Name Market Share in 2018
4.4 Schneider Electric
4.4.1 Business Overview
4.4.1.1 Schneider Electric Description
4.4.1.2 Schneider Electric Headquarter, Main Business and Finance Overview
4.4.2 Schneider Electric Product Name Product Introduction
4.4.2.1 Smart Home Products Production Bases, Sales Regions and Major Competitors
4.4.2.2 Schneider Electric Product Name Product Introduction
4.4.3 Schneider Electric Product Name Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2016-2018)
4.4.3.1 Schneider Electric Product Name Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2016-2018)
4.4.3.2 Global Schneider Electric Product Name Market Share in 2018
4.5 United Technologies
4.5.1 Business Overview
4.5.1.1 United Technologies Description
4.5.1.2 United Technologies Headquarter, Main Business and Finance Overview
4.5.2 United Technologies Product Name Product Introduction
4.5.2.1 Smart Home Products Production Bases, Sales Regions and Major Competitors
4.5.2.2 United Technologies Product Name Product Introduction
4.5.3 United Technologies Product Name Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2016-2018)
4.5.3.1 United Technologies Product Name Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2016-2018)
4.5.3.2 Global United Technologies Product Name Market Share in 2018
4.6 Amazon
4.6.1 Business Overview
4.6.1.1 Amazon Description
4.6.1.2 Amazon Headquarter, Main Business and Finance Overview
4.6.2 Amazon Product Name Product Introduction
4.6.2.1 Smart Home Products Production Bases, Sales Regions and Major Competitors
4.6.2.2 Amazon Product Name Product Introduction
4.6.3 Amazon Product Name Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2016-2018)
4.6.3.1 Amazon Product Name Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2016-2018)
4.6.3.2 Global Amazon Product Name Market Share in 2018
4.7 Apple
4.7.1 Business Overview
4.7.1.1 Apple Description
4.7.1.2 Apple Headquarter, Main Business and Finance Overview
4.7.2 Apple Product Name Product Introduction
4.7.2.1 Smart Home Products Production Bases, Sales Regions and Major Competitors
4.7.2.2 Apple Product Name Product Introduction
4.7.3 Apple Product Name Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2016-2018)
4.7.3.1 Apple Product Name Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2016-2018)
4.7.3.2 Global Apple Product Name Market Share in 2018
4.8 Google
4.8.1 Business Overview
4.8.1.1 Google Description
4.8.1.2 Google Headquarter, Main Business and Finance Overview
4.8.2 Google Product Name Product Introduction
4.8.2.1 Smart Home Products Production Bases, Sales Regions and Major Competitors
4.8.2.2 Google Product Name Product Introduction
4.8.3 Google Product Name Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2016-2018)
4.8.3.1 Google Product Name Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2016-2018)
4.8.3.2 Global Google Product Name Market Share in 2018
4.9 ADT
4.9.1 Business Overview
4.9.1.1 ADT Description
4.9.1.2 ADT Headquarter, Main Business and Finance Overview
4.9.2 ADT Product Name Product Introduction
4.9.2.1 Smart Home Products Production Bases, Sales Regions and Major Competitors
4.9.2.2 ADT Product Name Product Introduction
4.9.3 ADT Product Name Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2016-2018)
4.9.3.1 ADT Product Name Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2016-2018)
4.9.3.2 Global ADT Product Name Market Share in 2018
4.10 Robert Bosch
4.10.1 Business Overview
4.10.1.1 Robert Bosch Description
4.10.1.2 Robert Bosch Headquarter, Main Business and Finance Overview
4.10.2 Robert Bosch Product Name Product Introduction
4.10.2.1 Smart Home Products Production Bases, Sales Regions and Major Competitors
4.10.2.2 Robert Bosch Product Name Product Introduction
4.10.3 Robert Bosch Product Name Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2016-2018)
4.10.3.1 Robert Bosch Product Name Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2016-2018)
4.10.3.2 Global Robert Bosch Product Name Market Share in 2018
4.11 Assa Abloy
4.11.1 Business Overview
4.11.1.1 Assa Abloy Description
4.11.1.2 Assa Abloy Headquarter, Main Business and Finance Overview
4.11.2 Assa Abloy Product Name Product Introduction
4.11.2.1 Smart Home Products Production Bases, Sales Regions and Major Competitors
4.11.2.2 Assa Abloy Product Name Product Introduction
4.11.3 Assa Abloy Product Name Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2016-2018)
4.11.3.1 Assa Abloy Product Name Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2016-2018)
4.11.3.2 Global Assa Abloy Product Name Market Share in 2018
4.12 Legrand
4.12.1 Business Overview
4.12.1.1 Legrand Description
4.12.1.2 Legrand Headquarter, Main Business and Finance Overview
4.12.2 Legrand Product Name Product Introduction
4.12.2.1 Smart Home Products Production Bases, Sales Regions and Major Competitors
4.12.2.2 Legrand Product Name Product Introduction
4.12.3 Legrand Product Name Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2016-2018)
4.12.3.1 Legrand Product Name Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2016-2018)
4.12.3.2 Global Legrand Product Name Market Share in 2018
4.13 ABB
4.13.1 Business Overview
4.13.1.1 ABB Description
4.13.1.2 ABB Headquarter, Main Business and Finance Overview
4.13.2 ABB Product Name Product Introduction
4.13.2.1 Smart Home Products Production Bases, Sales Regions and Major Competitors
4.13.2.2 ABB Product Name Product Introduction
4.13.3 ABB Product Name Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2016-2018)
4.13.3.1 ABB Product Name Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2016-2018)
4.13.3.2 Global ABB Product Name Market Share in 2018
4.14 Ingersoll-Rand
4.14.1 Business Overview
4.14.1.1 Ingersoll-Rand Description
4.14.1.2 Ingersoll-Rand Headquarter, Main Business and Finance Overview
4.14.2 Ingersoll-Rand Product Name Product Introduction
4.14.2.1 Smart Home Products Production Bases, Sales Regions and Major Competitors
4.14.2.2 Ingersoll-Rand Product Name Product Introduction
4.14.3 Ingersoll-Rand Product Name Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2016-2018)
4.14.3.1 Ingersoll-Rand Product Name Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2016-2018)
4.14.3.2 Global Ingersoll-Rand Product Name Market Share in 2018
4.15 Comcast
4.15.1 Business Overview
4.15.1.1 Comcast Description
4.15.1.2 Comcast Headquarter, Main Business and Finance Overview
4.15.2 Comcast Product Name Product Introduction
4.15.2.1 Smart Home Products Production Bases, Sales Regions and Major Competitors
4.15.2.2 Comcast Product Name Product Introduction
4.15.3 Comcast Product Name Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2016-2018)
4.15.3.1 Comcast Product Name Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2016-2018)
4.15.3.2 Global Comcast Product Name Market Share in 2018
4.16 Hubbell
4.16.1 Business Overview
4.16.1.1 Hubbell Description
4.16.1.2 Hubbell Headquarter, Main Business and Finance Overview
4.16.2 Hubbell Product Name Product Introduction
4.16.2.1 Smart Home Products Production Bases, Sales Regions and Major Competitors
4.16.2.2 Hubbell Product Name Product Introduction
4.16.3 Hubbell Product Name Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2016-2018)
4.16.3.1 Hubbell Product Name Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2016-2018)
4.16.3.2 Global Hubbell Product Name Market Share in 2018
4.17 Vivint
4.17.1 Business Overview
4.17.1.1 Vivint Description
4.17.1.2 Vivint Headquarter, Main Business and Finance Overview
4.17.2 Vivint Product Name Product Introduction
4.17.2.1 Smart Home Products Production Bases, Sales Regions and Major Competitors
4.17.2.2 Vivint Product Name Product Introduction
4.17.3 Vivint Product Name Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2016-2018)
4.17.3.1 Vivint Product Name Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2016-2018)
4.17.3.2 Global Vivint Product Name Market Share in 2018
5 Global Smart Home Products Market Analysis by Regions
5.1 Global Smart Home Products Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Regions
5.1.1 Global Smart Home Products Sales by Regions (2013-2018)
5.1.2 Global Smart Home Products Revenue by Regions (2013-2018)
5.2 North America Smart Home Products Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
5.3 Europe Smart Home Products Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
5.4 Asia-Pacific Smart Home Products Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
5.5 South America Smart Home Products Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
5.6 Middle East and Africa Smart Home Products Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
6 North America Smart Home Products by Countries, Type, Application and Manufacturers
6.1 North America Smart Home Products Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Countries
6.1.1 North America Smart Home Products Sales by Countries (2013-2018)
6.1.2 North America Smart Home Products Revenue by Countries (2013-2018)
6.1.3 United States Smart Home Products Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
6.1.4 Canada Smart Home Products Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
6.1.5 Mexico Smart Home Products Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
6.2 North America Smart Home Products Sales and Revenue (Value) by Manufacturers (2016-2018)
6.2.1 North America Smart Home Products Sales by Manufacturers (2016-2018)
6.2.2 North America Smart Home Products Revenue by Manufacturers (2016-2018)
6.3 North America Smart Home Products Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Type (2013-2018)
6.3.1 North America Smart Home Products Sales and Sales Share by Type (2013-2018)
6.3.2 North America Smart Home Products Revenue and Revenue Share by Type (2013-2018)
6.4 North America Smart Home Products Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Application (2013-2018)
6.4.1 North America Smart Home Products Sales and Sales Share by Application (2013-2018)
6.4.2 North America Smart Home Products Revenue and Revenue Share by Application (2013-2018)
7 Europe Smart Home Products by Countries, Type, Application and Manufacturers
7.1 Europe Smart Home Products Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Countries
7.1.1 Europe Smart Home Products Sales by Countries (2013-2018)
7.1.2 Europe Smart Home Products Revenue by Countries (2013-2018)
7.1.3 Germany Smart Home Products Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
7.1.4 UK Smart Home Products Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
7.1.5 France Smart Home Products Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
7.1.6 Russia Smart Home Products Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
7.1.7 Italy Smart Home Products Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
7.2 Europe Smart Home Products Sales and Revenue (Value) by Manufacturers (2016-2018)
7.2.1 Europe Smart Home Products Sales by Manufacturers (2016-2018)
7.2.2 Europe Smart Home Products Revenue by Manufacturers (2016-2018)
7.3 Europe Smart Home Products Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Type (2013-2018)
7.3.1 Europe Smart Home Products Sales and Sales Share by Type (2013-2018)
7.3.2 Europe Smart Home Products Revenue and Revenue Share by Type (2013-2018)
7.4 Europe Smart Home Products Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Application (2013-2018)
7.4.1 Europe Smart Home Products Sales and Sales Share by Application (2013-2018)
7.4.2 Europe Smart Home Products Revenue and Revenue Share by Application (2013-2018)
8 Asia-Pacific Smart Home Products by Countries, Type, Application and Manufacturers
8.1 Asia-Pacific Smart Home Products Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Countries
8.1.1 Asia-Pacific Smart Home Products Sales by Countries (2013-2018)
8.1.2 Asia-Pacific Smart Home Products Revenue by Countries (2013-2018)
8.1.3 China Smart Home Products Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
8.1.4 Japan Smart Home Products Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
8.1.5 Korea Smart Home Products Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
8.1.6 India Smart Home Products Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
8.1.7 Southeast Asia Smart Home Products Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
8.2 Asia-Pacific Smart Home Products Sales and Revenue (Value) by Manufacturers (2016-2018)
8.2.1 Asia-Pacific Smart Home Products Sales by Manufacturers (2016-2018)
8.2.2 Asia-Pacific Smart Home Products Revenue by Manufacturers (2016-2018)
8.3 Asia-Pacific Smart Home Products Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Type (2013-2018)
8.3.1 Asia-Pacific Smart Home Products Sales and Sales Share by Type (2013-2018)
8.3.2 Asia-Pacific Smart Home Products Revenue and Revenue Share by Type (2013-2018)
8.4 Asia-Pacific Smart Home Products Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Application (2013-2018)
8.4.1 Asia-Pacific Smart Home Products Sales and Sales Share by Application (2013-2018)
8.4.2 Asia-Pacific Smart Home Products Revenue and Revenue Share by Application (2013-2018)
9 South America Smart Home Products by Countries, Type, Application and Manufacturers
9.1 South America Smart Home Products Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Countries
9.1.1 South America Smart Home Products Sales by Countries (2013-2018)
9.1.2 South America Smart Home Products Revenue by Countries (2013-2018)
9.1.3 Brazil Smart Home Products Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
9.1.4 Argentina Smart Home Products Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
9.1.5 Colombia Smart Home Products Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
9.2 South America Smart Home Products Sales and Revenue (Value) by Manufacturers (2016-2018)
9.2.1 South America Smart Home Products Sales by Manufacturers (2016-2018)
9.2.2 South America Smart Home Products Revenue by Manufacturers (2016-2018)
9.3 South America Smart Home Products Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Type (2013-2018)
9.3.1 South America Smart Home Products Sales and Sales Share by Type (2013-2018)
9.3.2 South America Smart Home Products Revenue and Revenue Share by Type (2013-2018)
9.4 South America Smart Home Products Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Application (2013-2018)
9.4.1 South America Smart Home Products Sales and Sales Share by Application (2013-2018)
9.4.2 South America Smart Home Products Revenue and Revenue Share by Application (2013-2018)
10 Middle East and Africa Smart Home Products by Countries, Type, Application and Manufacturers
10.1 Middle East and Africa Smart Home Products Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Countries
10.1.1 Middle East and Africa Smart Home Products Sales by Countries (2013-2018)
10.1.2 Middle East and Africa Smart Home Products Revenue by Countries (2013-2018)
10.1.3 Saudi Arabia Smart Home Products Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
10.1.4 UAE Smart Home Products Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
10.1.5 Egypt Smart Home Products Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
10.1.6 Nigeria Smart Home Products Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
10.1.7 South Africa Smart Home Products Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
10.2 Middle East and Africa Smart Home Products Sales and Revenue (Value) by Manufacturers (2016-2018)
10.2.1 Middle East and Africa Smart Home Products Sales by Manufacturers (2016-2018)
10.2.2 Middle East and Africa Smart Home Products Revenue by Manufacturers (2016-2018)
10.3 Middle East and Africa Smart Home Products Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Type (2013-2018)
10.3.1 Middle East and Africa Smart Home Products Sales and Sales Share by Type (2013-2018)
10.3.1 Middle East and Africa Smart Home Products Revenue and Revenue Share by Type (2013-2018)
10.4 Middle East and Africa Smart Home Products Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Application (2013-2018)
10.4.1 Middle East and Africa Smart Home Products Sales and Sales Share by Application (2013-2018)
10.4.2 Middle East and Africa Smart Home Products Revenue and Revenue Share by Application (2013-2018)
11 Global Smart Home Products Market Segment by Type
11.1 Global Smart Home Products Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Type (2013-2018)
11.1.1 Global Smart Home Products Sales and Market Share by Type (2013-2018)
11.1.2 Global Smart Home Products Revenue and Market Share by Type (2013-2018)
11.2 Hardware Devices Sales Growth Rate and Price
11.2.1 Global Hardware Devices Sales Growth Rate (2013-2018)
11.2.2 Global Hardware Devices Price (2013-2018)
11.3 Software System Sales Growth Rate and Price
11.3.1 Global Software System Sales Growth Rate (2013-2018)
11.3.2 Global Software System Price (2013-2018)
12 Global Smart Home Products Market Segment by Application
12.1 Global Smart Home Products Sales Market Share by Application (2013-2018)
12.2 Entertainment Sales Growth Rate (2013-2018)
12.3 Health Sales Growth Rate (2013-2018)
12.4 Security Sales Growth Rate (2013-2018)
13 Smart Home Products Market Forecast (2019-2026)
13.1 Global Smart Home Products Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2019-2026)
13.2 Smart Home Products Market Forecast by Regions (2019-2026)
13.2.1 North America Smart Home Products Market Forecast (2019-2026)
13.2.2 Europe Smart Home Products Market Forecast (2019-2026)
13.2.3 Asia-Pacific Smart Home Products Market Forecast (2019-2026)
13.2.4 South America Smart Home Products Market Forecast (2019-2026)
13.2.5 Middle East and Africa Smart Home Products Market Forecast (2019-2026)
13.3 Smart Home Products Market Forecast by Type (2019-2026)
13.3.1 Global Smart Home Products Sales Forecast by Type (2019-2026)
13.3.2 Global Smart Home Products Market Share Forecast by Type (2019-2026)
13.4 Smart Home Products Market Forecast by Application (2019-2026)
13.4.1 Global Smart Home Products Sales Forecast by Application (2019-2026)
13.4.2 Global Smart Home Products Market Share Forecast by Application (2019-2026)
14 Sales Channel, Distributors, Traders and Dealers
14.1 Sales Channel
14.1.1 Direct Marketing
14.1.2 Indirect Marketing
14.1.3 Marketing Channel Future Trend
14.2 Market Positioning
14.2.1 Pricing Strategy
14.2.2 Brand Strategy
14.2.3 Target Client
14.3 Distributors, Traders and Dealers
15 Research Findings and Conclusion
