Table of Contents
Part 1 Market Overview
1.1 Market Definition
1.2 Market Development
1.3 By Type
Table Type of Hospital Lightings
Figure Global Hospital Lightings Market Share by Type in 2020
1.4 By Application
Table Application of Hospital Lightings
Figure Global Hospital Lightings Market Share by Application in 2020
1.5 Region Overview
Table Region of Hospital Lightings
Figure Global Hospital Lightings Market Share by Region in 2020
Part 2 Global Market Status and Future Forecast
2.1 Global Market by Region
Table Global Hospital Lightings Market by Region, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Global Hospital Lightings Market Share by Region in 2020 (Million USD)
Table Price List by Region, 2015-2019
2.2 Global Market by Company
Table Global Hospital Lightings Market by Company, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Global Hospital Lightings Market Share by Company in 2020 (Million USD)
Table Price List by Company, 2015-2019
2.3 Global Market by Type
Table Global Hospital Lightings Market by Type, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Global Hospital Lightings Market Share by Type in 2020 (Million USD)
Table Price List by Type, 2015-2019
2.4 Global Market by Application
Table Global Hospital Lightings Market by Application, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Global Hospital Lightings Market Share by Application in 2020 (Million USD)
Table Price List by Application, 2015-2019
2.5 Global Market by Forecast
Figure Global Hospital Lightings Market Forecast, 2020-2024 (Million USD)
Part 3 Asia-Pacific Market Status and Future Forecast
3.1 Asia-Pacific Market by Company
Table Asia-Pacific Hospital Lightings Market by Company, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Asia-Pacific Hospital Lightings Market Share by Company in 2020 (Million USD)
Table Price List by Company, 2015-2019
3.2 Asia-Pacific Market by Type
Table Asia-Pacific Hospital Lightings Market by Type, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Asia-Pacific Hospital Lightings Market Share by Type in 2020 (Million USD)
Table Price List by Type, 2015-2019
3.3 Asia-Pacific Market by Application
Table Asia-Pacific Hospital Lightings Market by Application, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Asia-Pacific Hospital Lightings Market Share by Application in 2020 (Million USD)
Table Price List by Application, 2015-2019
3.4 Asia-Pacific Market by Forecast
Figure Asia-Pacific Hospital Lightings Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
Part 4 Asia-Pacific Market by Geography
4.1 China Market Status and Future Forecast
4.1.1 China Market by Type
Table China Hospital Lightings Market by Type, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure China Hospital Lightings Market Share by Type in 2020 (Million USD)
Table Price List by Type, 2015-2019
4.1.2 China Market by Application
Table China Hospital Lightings Market by Application, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure China Hospital Lightings Market Share by Application in 2020 (Million USD)
Table Price List by Application, 2015-2019
4.1.3 China Market by Forecast
Figure China Hospital Lightings Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
4.2 Southeast Asia Market Status and Future Forecast
4.2.1 Southeast Asia Market by Type
Table Southeast Asia Hospital Lightings Market by Type, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Southeast Asia Hospital Lightings Market Share by Type in 2020 (Million USD)
Table Price List by Type, 2015-2019
4.2.2 Southeast Asia Market by Application
Table Southeast Asia Hospital Lightings Market by Application, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Southeast Asia Hospital Lightings Market Share by Application in 2020 (Million USD)
Table Price List by Application, 2015-2019
4.2.3 Southeast Asia Market by Forecast
Figure Southeast Asia Hospital Lightings Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
4.3 India Market Status and Future Forecast
4.3.1 India Market by Type
Table India Hospital Lightings Market by Type, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure India Hospital Lightings Market Share by Type in 2020 (Million USD)
Table Price List by Type, 2015-2019
4.3.2 India Market by Application
Table India Hospital Lightings Market by Application, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure India Hospital Lightings Market Share by Application in 2020 (Million USD)
Table Price List by Application, 2015-2019
4.3.3 India Market by Forecast
Figure India Hospital Lightings Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
4.4 Japan Market Status and Future Forecast
4.4.1 Japan Market by Type
Table Japan Hospital Lightings Market by Type, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Japan Hospital Lightings Market Share by Type in 2020 (Million USD)
Table Price List by Type, 2015-2019
4.4.2 Japan Market by Application
Table Japan Hospital Lightings Market by Application, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Japan Hospital Lightings Market Share by Application in 2020 (Million USD)
Table Price List by Application, 2015-2019
4.4.3 Japan Market by Forecast
Figure Japan Hospital Lightings Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
4.5 Korea Market Status and Future Forecast
4.5.1 Korea Market by Type
Table Korea Hospital Lightings Market by Type, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Korea Hospital Lightings Market Share by Type in 2020 (Million USD)
Table Price List by Type, 2015-2019
4.5.2 Korea Market by Application
Table Korea Hospital Lightings Market by Application, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Korea Hospital Lightings Market Share by Application in 2020 (Million USD)
Table Price List by Application, 2015-2019
4.5.3 Korea Market by Forecast
Figure Korea Hospital Lightings Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
4.6 Oceania Market Status and Future Forecast
4.6.1 Oceania Market by Type
Table Oceania Hospital Lightings Market by Type, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Oceania Hospital Lightings Market Share by Type in 2020 (Million USD)
Table Price List by Type, 2015-2019
4.6.2 Oceania Market by Application
Table Oceania Hospital Lightings Market by Application, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Oceania Hospital Lightings Market Share by Application in 2020 (Million USD)
Table Price List by Application, 2015-2019
4.6.3 Oceania Market by Forecast
Figure Oceania Hospital Lightings Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
Part 5 Europe Market Status and Future Forecast
5.1 Europe Market by Region
Table Europe Hospital Lightings Market by Region, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Europe Hospital Lightings Market Share by Region in 2020 (Million USD)
Table Price List by Region, 2015-2019
5.2 Europe Market by Company
Table Europe Hospital Lightings Market by Company, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Europe Hospital Lightings Market Share by Company in 2020 (Million USD)
Table Price List by Company, 2015-2019
5.3 Europe Market by Type
Table Europe Hospital Lightings Market by Type, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Europe Hospital Lightings Market Share by Type in 2020 (Million USD)
Table Price List by Type, 2015-2019
5.4 Europe Market by Application
Table Europe Hospital Lightings Market by Application, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Europe Hospital Lightings Market Share by Application in 2020 (Million USD)
Table Price List by Application, 2015-2019
5.5 Europe Market by Forecast
Figure Europe Hospital Lightings Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
Part 6 Europe Market by Geography
6.1 Germany Market Status and Future Forecast
6.1.1 Germany Market by Type
Table Germany Hospital Lightings Market by Type, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Germany Hospital Lightings Market Share by Type in 2020 (Million USD)
Table Price List by Type, 2015-2019
6.1.2 Germany Market by Application
Table Germany Hospital Lightings Market by Application, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Germany Hospital Lightings Market Share by Application in 2020 (Million USD)
Table Price List by Application, 2015-2019
6.1.3 Germany Market by Forecast
Figure Germany Hospital Lightings Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
6.2 UK Market Status and Future Forecast
6.2.1 UK Market by Type
Table UK Hospital Lightings Market by Type, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure UK Hospital Lightings Market Share by Type in 2020 (Million USD)
Table Price List by Type, 2015-2019
6.2.2 UK Market by Application
Table UK Hospital Lightings Market by Application, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure UK Hospital Lightings Market Share by Application in 2020 (Million USD)
Table Price List by Application, 2015-2019
6.2.3 UK Market by Forecast
Figure UK Hospital Lightings Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
6.3 France Market Status and Future Forecast
6.3.1 France Market by Type
Table France Hospital Lightings Market by Type, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure France Hospital Lightings Market Share by Type in 2020 (Million USD)
Table Price List by Type, 2015-2019
6.3.2 France Market by Application
Table France Hospital Lightings Market by Application, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure France Hospital Lightings Market Share by Application in 2020 (Million USD)
Table Price List by Application, 2015-2019
6.3.3 France Market by Forecast
Figure France Hospital Lightings Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
6.4 Italy Market Status and Future Forecast
6.4.1 Italy Market by Type
Table Italy Hospital Lightings Market by Type, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Italy Hospital Lightings Market Share by Type in 2020 (Million USD)
Table Price List by Type, 2015-2019
6.4.2 Italy Market by Application
Table Italy Hospital Lightings Market by Application, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Italy Hospital Lightings Market Share by Application in 2020 (Million USD)
Table Price List by Application, 2015-2019
6.4.3 Italy Market by Forecast
Figure Italy Hospital Lightings Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
6.5 Russia Market Status and Future Forecast
6.5.1 Russia Market by Type
Table Russia Hospital Lightings Market by Type, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Russia Hospital Lightings Market Share by Type in 2020 (Million USD)
Table Price List by Type, 2015-2019
6.5.2 Russia Market by Application
Table Russia Hospital Lightings Market by Application, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Russia Hospital Lightings Market Share by Application in 2020 (Million USD)
Table Price List by Application, 2015-2019
6.5.3 Russia Market by Forecast
Figure Russia Hospital Lightings Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
6.6 Spain Market Status and Future Forecast
6.6.1 Spain Market by Type
Table Spain Hospital Lightings Market by Type, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Spain Hospital Lightings Market Share by Type in 2020 (Million USD)
Table Price List by Type, 2015-2019
6.6.2 Spain Market by Application
Table Spain Hospital Lightings Market by Application, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Spain Hospital Lightings Market Share by Application in 2020 (Million USD)
Table Price List by Application, 2015-2019
6.6.3 Spain Market by Forecast
Figure Spain Hospital Lightings Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
6.7 Netherlands Market Status and Future Forecast
6.7.1 Netherlands Market by Type
Table Netherlands Hospital Lightings Market by Type, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Netherlands Hospital Lightings Market Share by Type in 2020 (Million USD)
Table Price List by Type, 2015-2019
6.7.2 Netherlands Market by Application
Table Netherlands Hospital Lightings Market by Application, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Netherlands Hospital Lightings Market Share by Application in 2020 (Million USD)
Table Price List by Application, 2015-2019
6.7.3 Netherlands Market by Forecast
Figure Netherlands Hospital Lightings Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
6.8 Turkey Market Status and Future Forecast
6.8.1 Turkey Market by Type
Table Turkey Hospital Lightings Market by Type, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Turkey Hospital Lightings Market Share by Type in 2020 (Million USD)
Table Price List by Type, 2015-2019
6.8.2 Turkey Market by Application
Table Turkey Hospital Lightings Market by Application, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Turkey Hospital Lightings Market Share by Application in 2020 (Million USD)
Table Price List by Application, 2015-2019
6.8.3 Turkey Market by Forecast
Figure Turkey Hospital Lightings Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
6.9 Switzerland Market Status and Future Forecast
6.9.1 Switzerland Market by Type
Table Switzerland Hospital Lightings Market by Type, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Switzerland Hospital Lightings Market Share by Type in 2020 (Million USD)
Table Price List by Type, 2015-2019
6.9.2 Switzerland Market by Application
Table Switzerland Hospital Lightings Market by Application, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Switzerland Hospital Lightings Market Share by Application in 2020 (Million USD)
Table Price List by Application, 2015-2019
6.9.3 Switzerland Market by Forecast
Figure Switzerland Hospital Lightings Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
Part 7 North America Market Status and Future Forecast
7.1 North America Market by Region
Table North America Hospital Lightings Market by Region, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure North America Hospital Lightings Market Share by Region in 2020 (Million USD)
Table Price List by Region, 2015-2019
7.2 North America Market by Company
Table North America Hospital Lightings Market by Company, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure North America Hospital Lightings Market Share by Company in 2020 (Million USD)
Table Price List by Company, 2015-2019
7.3 North America Market by Type
Table North America Hospital Lightings Market by Type, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure North America Hospital Lightings Market Share by Type in 2020 (Million USD)
Table Price List by Type, 2015-2019
7.4 North America Market by Application
Table North America Hospital Lightings Market by Application, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure North America Hospital Lightings Market Share by Application in 2020 (Million USD)
Table Price List by Application, 2015-2019
7.5 North America Market by Forecast
Figure North America Hospital Lightings Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
Part 8 North America Market by Geography
8.1 United States Market Status and Future Forecast
8.1.1 United States Market by Type
Table United States Hospital Lightings Market by Type, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure United States Hospital Lightings Market Share by Type in 2020 (Million USD)
Table Price List by Type, 2015-2019
8.1.2 United States Market by Application
Table United States Hospital Lightings Market by Application, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure United States Hospital Lightings Market Share by Application in 2020 (Million USD)
Table Price List by Application, 2015-2019
8.1.3 United States Market by Forecast
Figure United States Hospital Lightings Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
8.2 Canada Market Status and Future Forecast
8.2.1 Canada Market by Type
Table Canada Hospital Lightings Market by Type, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Canada Hospital Lightings Market Share by Type in 2020 (Million USD)
Table Price List by Type, 2015-2019
8.2.2 Canada Market by Application
Table Canada Hospital Lightings Market by Application, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Canada Hospital Lightings Market Share by Application in 2020 (Million USD)
Table Price List by Application, 2015-2019
8.2.3 Canada Market by Forecast
Figure Canada Hospital Lightings Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
8.3 Mexico Market Status and Future Forecast
8.3.1 Mexico Market by Type
Table Mexico Hospital Lightings Market by Type, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Mexico Hospital Lightings Market Share by Type in 2020 (Million USD)
Table Price List by Type, 2015-2019
8.3.2 Mexico Market by Application
Table Mexico Hospital Lightings Market by Application, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Mexico Hospital Lightings Market Share by Application in 2020 (Million USD)
Table Price List by Application, 2015-2019
8.3.3 Mexico Market by Forecast
Figure Mexico Hospital Lightings Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
Part 9 South America Market Status and Future Forecast
9.1 South America Market by Region
Table South America Hospital Lightings Market by Region, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure South America Hospital Lightings Market Share by Region in 2020 (Million USD)
Table Price List by Region, 2015-2019
9.2 South America Market by Company
Table South America Hospital Lightings Market by Company, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure South America Hospital Lightings Market Share by Company in 2020 (Million USD)
Table Price List by Company, 2015-2019
9.3 South America Market by Type
Table South America Hospital Lightings Market by Type, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure South America Hospital Lightings Market Share by Type in 2020 (Million USD)
Table Price List by Type, 2015-2019
9.4 South America Market by Application
Table South America Hospital Lightings Market by Application, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure South America Hospital Lightings Market Share by Application in 2020 (Million USD)
Table Price List by Application, 2015-2019
9.5 South America Market by Forecast
Figure South America Hospital Lightings Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
Part 10 South America Market by Geography
10.1 Brazil Market Status and Future Forecast
10.1.1 Brazil Market by Type
Table Brazil Hospital Lightings Market by Type, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Brazil Hospital Lightings Market Share by Type in 2020 (Million USD)
Table Price List by Type, 2015-2019
10.1.2 Brazil Market by Application
Table Brazil Hospital Lightings Market by Application, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Brazil Hospital Lightings Market Share by Application in 2020 (Million USD)
Table Price List by Application, 2015-2019
10.1.3 Brazil Market by Forecast
Figure Brazil Hospital Lightings Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
10.2 Argentina Market Status and Future Forecast
10.2.1 Argentina Market by Type
Table Argentina Hospital Lightings Market by Type, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Argentina Hospital Lightings Market Share by Type in 2020 (Million USD)
Table Price List by Type, 2015-2019
10.2.2 Argentina Market by Application
Table Argentina Hospital Lightings Market by Application, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Argentina Hospital Lightings Market Share by Application in 2020 (Million USD)
Table Price List by Application, 2015-2019
10.2.3 Argentina Market by Forecast
Figure Argentina Hospital Lightings Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
10.3 Columbia Market Status and Future Forecast
10.3.1 Columbia Market by Type
Table Columbia Hospital Lightings Market by Type, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Columbia Hospital Lightings Market Share by Type in 2020 (Million USD)
Table Price List by Type, 2015-2019
10.3.2 Columbia Market by Application
Table Columbia Hospital Lightings Market by Application, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Columbia Hospital Lightings Market Share by Application in 2020 (Million USD)
Table Price List by Application, 2015-2019
10.3.3 Columbia Market by Forecast
Figure Columbia Hospital Lightings Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
10.4 Chile Market Status and Future Forecast
10.4.1 Chile Market by Type
Table Chile Hospital Lightings Market by Type, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Chile Hospital Lightings Market Share by Type in 2020 (Million USD)
Table Price List by Type, 2015-2019
10.4.2 Chile Market by Application
Table Chile Hospital Lightings Market by Application, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Chile Hospital Lightings Market Share by Application in 2020 (Million USD)
Table Price List by Application, 2015-2019
10.4.3 Chile Market by Forecast
Figure Chile Hospital Lightings Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
10.5 Peru Market Status and Future Forecast
10.5.1 Peru Market by Type
Table Peru Hospital Lightings Market by Type, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Peru Hospital Lightings Market Share by Type in 2020 (Million USD)
Table Price List by Type, 2015-2019
10.5.2 Peru Market by Application
Table Peru Hospital Lightings Market by Application, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Peru Hospital Lightings Market Share by Application in 2020 (Million USD)
Table Price List by Application, 2015-2019
10.5.3 Peru Market by Forecast
Figure Peru Hospital Lightings Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
Part 11 Middle East & Africa Market Status and Future Forecast
11.1 Middle East & Africa Market by Region
Table Middle East & Africa Hospital Lightings Market by Region, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Middle East & Africa Hospital Lightings Market Share by Region in 2020 (Million USD)
Table Price List by Region, 2015-2019
11.2 Middle East & Africa Market by Company
Table Middle East & Africa Hospital Lightings Market by Company, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Middle East & Africa Hospital Lightings Market Share by Company in 2020 (Million USD)
Table Price List by Company, 2015-2019
11.3 Middle East & Africa Market by Type
Table Middle East & Africa Hospital Lightings Market by Type, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Middle East & Africa Hospital Lightings Market Share by Type in 2020 (Million USD)
Table Price List by Type, 2015-2019
11.4 Middle East & Africa Market by Application
Table Middle East & Africa Hospital Lightings Market by Application, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Middle East & Africa Hospital Lightings Market Share by Application in 2020 (Million USD)
Table Price List by Application, 2015-2019
11.5 Middle East & Africa Market by Forecast
Figure Middle East & Africa Hospital Lightings Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
Part 12 Middle East & Africa Market by Geography
12.1 GCC Market Status and Future Forecast
12.1.1 GCC Market by Type
Table GCC Hospital Lightings Market by Type, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure GCC Hospital Lightings Market Share by Type in 2020 (Million USD)
Table Price List by Type, 2015-2019
12.1.2 GCC Market by Application
Table GCC Hospital Lightings Market by Application, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure GCC Hospital Lightings Market Share by Application in 2020 (Million USD)
Table Price List by Application, 2015-2019
12.1.3 GCC Market by Forecast
Figure GCC Hospital Lightings Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
12.2 North Africa Market Status and Future Forecast
12.2.1 North Africa Market by Type
Table North Africa Hospital Lightings Market by Type, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure North Africa Hospital Lightings Market Share by Type in 2020 (Million USD)
Table Price List by Type, 2015-2019
12.2.2 North Africa Market by Application
Table North Africa Hospital Lightings Market by Application, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure North Africa Hospital Lightings Market Share by Application in 2020 (Million USD)
Table Price List by Application, 2015-2019
12.2.3 North Africa Market by Forecast
Figure North Africa Hospital Lightings Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
12.3 South Africa Market Status and Future Forecast
12.3.1 South Africa Market by Type
Table South Africa Hospital Lightings Market by Type, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure South Africa Hospital Lightings Market Share by Type in 2020 (Million USD)
Table Price List by Type, 2015-2019
12.3.2 South Africa Market by Application
Table South Africa Hospital Lightings Market by Application, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
Figure South Africa Hospital Lightings Market Share by Application in 2020 (Million USD)
Table Price List by Application, 2015-2019
12.3.3 South Africa Market by Forecast
Figure South Africa Hospital Lightings Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
Part 13 Key Companies
13.1 Philips Lighting
13.1.1 Philips Lighting Profile
Table Philips Lighting Overview List
13.1.2 Products & Services Overview
13.1.3 Sales Data List
Table Hospital Lightings Business Operation of Philips Lighting (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
13.2 Cree
13.3 General Electric Company
13.4 Acuity Brands Lighting
13.5 Trilux Lighting
13.6 Osram
13.7 Eaton Corporation
13.8 Hubbell Incorporated
13.9 Koninklijke Philips
13.10 Zumtobel Group
13.11 Panasonic
13.12 Herbert Waldmann
13.13 KLS Martin Group
13.14 New Star Lighting
13.15 Kenall
13.16 Empresa
Part 14 Conclusion