List of Tables
Table 1. Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Consumption CAGR by Region (2020-2026) & ($ Millions)
Table 2. Major Players of Coulomb Type
Table 3. Major Players of Johnsen-Rahbek (JR) Type
Table 4. Global Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Sales by Type (2016-2021) & (Units)
Table 5. Global Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Sales Market Share by Type (2016-2021)
Table 6. Global Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Revenue by Type (2016-2021) & ($ million)
Table 7. Global Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Revenue Market Share by Type (2016-2021)
Table 8. Global Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Sale Price by Type (2016-2021)
Table 9. Global Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Sales by Wafer Size (2016-2021) & (Units)
Table 10. Global Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Sales Market Share by Wafer Size (2016-2021)
Table 11. Global Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Value by Wafer Size (2016-2021)
Table 12. Global Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Revenue Market Share by Wafer Size (2016-2021)
Table 13. Global Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Sale Price by Wafer Size (2016-2021)
Table 14. Global Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Sales by Company (2019-2021) & (Units)
Table 15. Global Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Sales Market Share by Company (2019-2021)
Table 16. Global Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Revenue by Company (2019-2021) ($ Millions)
Table 17. Global Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Revenue Market Share by Company (2019-2021)
Table 18. Global Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Sale Price by Company (2019-2021)
Table 19. Key Manufacturers Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Producing Area Distribution and Sales Area
Table 20. Players Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Products Offered
Table 21. Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Concentration Ratio (CR3, CR5 and CR10) & (2019-2021)
Table 22. New Products and Potential Entrants
Table 23. Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion
Table 24. Global Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Sales by Region (2016-2021) (Units)
Table 25. Global Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Sales Market Share by Region (2016-2021)
Table 26. Global Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Revenue by Region (2016-2021) & ($ Millions)
Table 27. Global Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Revenue Market Share by Region (2016-2021)
Table 28. Americas Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Sales by Country (2016-2021) & (Units)
Table 29. Americas Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Sales Market Share by Country (2016-2021)
Table 30. Americas Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Revenue by Country (2016-2021) & ($ Millions)
Table 31. Americas Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Revenue Market Share by Country (2016-2021)
Table 32. Americas Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Sales by Type (2016-2021) & (Units)
Table 33. Americas Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Sales Market Share by Type (2016-2021)
Table 34. Americas Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Sales by Wafer Size (2016-2021) & (Units)
Table 35. Americas Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Sales Market Share by Wafer Size (2016-2021)
Table 36. APAC Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Sales by Region (2016-2021) & (Units)
Table 37. APAC Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Sales Market Share by Region (2016-2021)
Table 38. APAC Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Revenue by Region (2016-2021) & ($ Millions)
Table 39. APAC Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Revenue Market Share by Region (2016-2021)
Table 40. APAC Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Sales by Type (2016-2021) & (Units)
Table 41. APAC Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Sales Market Share by Type (2016-2021)
Table 42. APAC Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Sales by Wafer Size (2016-2021) & (Units)
Table 43. APAC Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Sales Market Share by Wafer Size (2016-2021)
Table 44. Europe Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Sales by Country (2016-2021) & (Units)
Table 45. Europe Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Sales Market Share by Country (2016-2021)
Table 46. Europe Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Revenue by Country (2016-2021) & ($ Millions)
Table 47. Europe Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Revenue Market Share by Country (2016-2021)
Table 48. Europe Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Sales by Type (2016-2021) & (Units)
Table 49. Europe Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Sales Market Share by Type (2016-2021)
Table 50. Europe Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Sales by Wafer Size (2016-2021) & (Units)
Table 51. Europe Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Sales Market Share by Wafer Size (2016-2021)
Table 52. Middle East & Africa Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Sales by Country (2016-2021) & (Units)
Table 53. Middle East & Africa Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Sales Market Share by Country (2016-2021)
Table 54. Middle East & Africa Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Revenue by Country (2016-2021) & ($ Millions)
Table 55. Middle East & Africa Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Revenue Market Share by Country (2016-2021)
Table 56. Middle East & Africa Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Sales by Type (2016-2021) & (Units)
Table 57. Middle East & Africa Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Sales Market Share by Type (2016-2021)
Table 58. Middle East & Africa Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Sales by Wafer Size (2016-2021) & (Units)
Table 59. Middle East & Africa Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Sales Market Share by Wafer Size (2016-2021)
Table 60. Key and Potential Regions of Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC)
Table 61. Key Application and Potential Industries of Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC)
Table 62. Key Challenges of Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC)
Table 63. Key Trends of Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC)
Table 64. Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Distributors List
Table 65. Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Customer List
Table 66. Global Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Sales Forecast by Region (2021-2026) & (Units)
Table 67. Global Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Consumption Market Forecast by Region
Table 68. Global Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Revenue Forecast by Region (2021-2026) & ($ millions)
Table 69. Global Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Revenue Market Share Forecast by Region (2021-2026)
Table 70. Americas Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Sales Forecast by Country (2021-2026) & (Units)
Table 71. Americas Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Revenue Forecast by Country (2021-2026) & ($ millions)
Table 72. APAC Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Sales Forecast by Region (2021-2026) & (Units)
Table 73. APAC Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Revenue Forecast by Region (2021-2026) & ($ millions)
Table 74. Europe Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Sales Forecast by Country (2021-2026) & (Units)
Table 75. Europe Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Revenue Forecast by Country (2021-2026) & ($ millions)
Table 76. Middle East & Africa Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Sales Forecast by Country (2021-2026) & (Units)
Table 77. Middle East & Africa Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Revenue Forecast by Country (2021-2026) & ($ millions)
Table 78. Global Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Sales Forecast by Type (2021-2026) & (Units)
Table 79. Global Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Sales Market Share Forecast by Type (2021-2026)
Table 80. Global Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Revenue Forecast by Type (2021-2026) & ($ Millions)
Table 81. Global Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Revenue Market Share Forecast by Type (2021-2026)
Table 82. Global Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Sales Forecast by Wafer Size (2021-2026) & (Units)
Table 83. Global Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Sales Market Share Forecast by Wafer Size (2021-2026)
Table 84. Global Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Revenue Forecast by Wafer Size (2021-2026) & ($ Millions)
Table 85. Global Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Revenue Market Share Forecast by Wafer Size (2021-2026)
Table 86. SHINKO Basic Information, Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table 87. SHINKO Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Product Offered
Table 88. SHINKO Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Sales (Units), Revenue ($ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2021E)
Table 89. SHINKO Main Business
Table 90. SHINKO Latest Developments
Table 91. TOTO Basic Information, Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table 92. TOTO Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Product Offered
Table 93. TOTO Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Sales (Units), Revenue ($ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2021E)
Table 94. TOTO Main Business
Table 95. TOTO Latest Developments
Table 96. Creative Technology Corporation Basic Information, Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table 97. Creative Technology Corporation Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Product Offered
Table 98. Creative Technology Corporation Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Sales (Units), Revenue ($ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2021E)
Table 99. Creative Technology Corporation Main Business
Table 100. Creative Technology Corporation Latest Developments
Table 101. Kyocera Basic Information, Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table 102. Kyocera Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Product Offered
Table 103. Kyocera Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Sales (Units), Revenue ($ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2021E)
Table 104. Kyocera Main Business
Table 105. Kyocera Latest Developments
Table 106. NGK Insulators, Ltd. Basic Information, Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table 107. NGK Insulators, Ltd. Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Product Offered
Table 108. NGK Insulators, Ltd. Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Sales (Units), Revenue ($ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2021E)
Table 109. NGK Insulators, Ltd. Main Business
Table 110. NGK Insulators, Ltd. Latest Developments
Table 111. NTK CERATEC Basic Information, Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table 112. NTK CERATEC Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Product Offered
Table 113. NTK CERATEC Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Sales (Units), Revenue ($ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2021E)
Table 114. NTK CERATEC Main Business
Table 115. NTK CERATEC Latest Developments
Table 116. Tsukuba Seiko Basic Information, Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table 117. Tsukuba Seiko Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Product Offered
Table 118. Tsukuba Seiko Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Sales (Units), Revenue ($ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2021E)
Table 119. Tsukuba Seiko Main Business
Table 120. Tsukuba Seiko Latest Developments
Table 121. Applied Materials Basic Information, Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table 122. Applied Materials Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Product Offered
Table 123. Applied Materials Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Sales (Units), Revenue ($ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2021E)
Table 124. Applied Materials Main Business
Table 125. Applied Materials Latest Developments
Table 126. II-VI M Cubed Basic Information, Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table 127. II-VI M Cubed Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Product Offered
Table 128. II-VI M Cubed Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Sales (Units), Revenue ($ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2021E)
Table 129. II-VI M Cubed Main Business
Table 130. II-VI M Cubed Latest Developments

LIST OF FIGURE

List of Figures
Figure 1. Picture of Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC)
Figure 2. Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Report Years Considered
Figure 3. Research Objectives
Figure 4. Research Methodology
Figure 5. Research Process and Data Source
Figure 6. Global Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Sales Growth Rate 2016-2026 (Units)
Figure 7. Global Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Revenue Growth Rate 2016-2026 ($ Millions)
Figure 8. Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Sales by Region (2021 & 2026) & ($ millions)
Figure 9. Product Picture of Coulomb Type
Figure 10. Product Picture of Johnsen-Rahbek (JR) Type
Figure 11. Global Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Sales Market Share by Type in 2020
Figure 12. Global Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Revenue Market Share by Type (2016-2021)
Figure 13. Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Consumed in 300 mm Wafer
Figure 14. Global Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Market: 300 mm Wafer (2016-2021) & (Units)
Figure 15. Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Consumed in 200 mm Wafer
Figure 16. Global Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Market: 200 mm Wafer (2016-2021) & (Units)
Figure 17. Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Consumed in Others
Figure 18. Global Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Market: Others (2016-2021) & (Units)
Figure 19. Global Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Sales Market Share by Wafer Size (2016-2021)
Figure 20. Global Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Revenue Market Share by Wafer Size in 2020
Figure 21. Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Revenue Market by Company in 2020 ($ Million)
Figure 22. Global Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Revenue Market Share by Company in 2020
Figure 23. Global Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Sales Market Share by Regions (2016-2021)
Figure 24. Global Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Revenue Market Share by Region in 2020
Figure 25. Americas Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Sales 2016-2021 (Units)
Figure 26. Americas Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Revenue 2016-2021 ($ Millions)
Figure 27. APAC Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Sales 2016-2021 (Units)
Figure 28. APAC Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Revenue 2016-2021 ($ Millions)
Figure 29. Europe Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Sales 2016-2021 (Units)
Figure 30. Europe Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Revenue 2016-2021 ($ Millions)
Figure 31. Middle East & Africa Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Sales 2016-2021 (Units)
Figure 32. Middle East & Africa Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Revenue 2016-2021 ($ Millions)
Figure 33. Americas Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Sales Market Share by Country in 2020
Figure 34. Americas Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Revenue Market Share by Country in 2020
Figure 35. Americas Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Sales Market Share by Type in 2020
Figure 36. Americas Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Sales Market Share by Wafer Size in 2020
Figure 37. United States Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)
Figure 38. Canada Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)
Figure 39. Mexico Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)
Figure 40. Brazil Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)
Figure 41. APAC Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Sales Market Share by Region in 2020
Figure 42. APAC Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Revenue Market Share by Regions in 2020
Figure 43. APAC Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Sales Market Share by Type in 2020
Figure 44. APAC Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Sales Market Share by Wafer Size in 2020
Figure 45. China Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)
Figure 46. Japan Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)
Figure 47. Korea Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)
Figure 48. Southeast Asia Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)
Figure 49. India Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)
Figure 50. Australia Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)
Figure 51. Europe Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Sales Market Share by Country in 2020
Figure 52. Europe Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Revenue Market Share by Country in 2020
Figure 53. Europe Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Sales Market Share by Type in 2020
Figure 54. Europe Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Sales Market Share by Wafer Size in 2020
Figure 55. Germany Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)
Figure 56. France Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)
Figure 57. UK Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)
Figure 58. Italy Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)
Figure 59. Russia Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)
Figure 60. Middle East & Africa Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Sales Market Share by Country in 2020
Figure 61. Middle East & Africa Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Revenue Market Share by Country in 2020
Figure 62. Middle East & Africa Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Sales Market Share by Type in 2020
Figure 63. Middle East & Africa Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Sales Market Share by Wafer Size in 2020
Figure 64. Egypt Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)
Figure 65. South Africa Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)
Figure 66. Israel Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)
Figure 67. Turkey Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)
Figure 68. GCC Country Semiconductor Wafer Used Electrostatic Chucks (ESC) Revenue Growth 2016-2021 ($ Millions)
Figure 69. Channels of Distribution
Figure 70. Distributors Profiles